The mucosal immune system of the intestinal tract is continuously exposed to both potential
pathogens and beneficial commensal microorganism. A variety of mechanisms contribute to
the ability of the gut to either react or remain tolerant to antigen present in the intestinal
lumen. Antigens of the gut commensals are not simply ignored, but rather trigger an active
immunosuppressive process, which prevents the outcome of immunopathology. The aim of
this review is to provide an update on the mechanism of intestinal homeostasis, with …